| PURINE ANALOG 6-METHYLMERCAPTOPURINE RIBOSIDE INHIBITS EARLY AND LATE PHASES OF THE ANGIOGENESIS PROCESS |
Marco Presta , Marco Rusnati, Mirella Belleri, Lucia Morbidelli, Marina Ziche, and Domenico Ribatti
| 3D
structure of 6-MMPR
If the plug-in named ChemScape Chime
is properly installed on your computer, you should see a 3D 6-MMPR molecule.
The molecule can be moved by clicking it with the left button of
your mouse and its characteristics, including automatic rotation, can be
modified by clicking it with the right button.
This molecule has been drawn by using the ISIS/Draw
software, saved as a *.mol file, converted to a SMILES
string by Chem
Draw, and its 3D model has been generated by CORINA
as a *.pdb file by M. Presta.
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ABSTRACT
Angiogenesis has been identified as an important target for antineoplastic therapy. The use of purine analog antimetabolites in combination chemotherapy of solid tumors has been proposed. To assess the possibility that selected purine analogs may affect tumor neovascularization, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6-MMPR), 6-methylmercaptopurine, 2-aminopurine, and adenosine were evaluated for the capacity to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. 6-MMPR inhibited fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)-induced proliferation and delayed the repair of mechanically wounded monolayer in endothelial GM 7373 cell cultures. 6-MMPR also inhibited the formation of solid sprouts within fibrin gel by FGF2-treated murine brain microvascular endothelial cells and the formation of capillary-like structures on Matrigel by murine aortic endothelial cells transfected with FGF2 cDNA. 6-MMPR affected FGF2-induced intracellular signaling in murine aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2. The other molecules were ineffective in all the assays. In vivo, 6-MMPR inhibited vascularization in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Thus, 6-MMPR specifically inhibits both the early and the late phases of the angiogenesis process in vitro and exerts a potent anti-angiogenic activity in vivo. These results suggest a new rationale for the
use of selected purine analogs in combination therapy of solid cancer.
Cancer Research 1999, 59, 2417-2424.
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AIRC: Special Project Angiogenesis